The 1997 double taxation treaty between the Philippines and Nigeria entered into force on 18 August 2013 and applies as from 1 January 2014. A 12.5% maximum withholding tax applies to dividends paid to a company (other than a partnership) that holds directly at least 10% of the capital of the payer company; otherwise, the rate is 15%. The rate on interest is 15% and the rate on royalties is 20%.