This protocol is the second modification to the 1988 Brazil-India tax treaty.
Brazil’s Senate (the Upper House of the National Congress) gave its approval to ratify a protocol amending the 1988 tax treaty with India on 10 September 2025.
This follows the endorsement by Brazil’s Chamber of Deputies of the amending protocol to the Brazil-India Income Tax Treaty on 8 May 2025.
Signed on 24 August 2022, this protocol marks the second modification to the treaty.
The protocol will take effect 30 days later, after the exchange of ratification instruments. Its provisions will generally take effect in Brazil on 1 January of the year following its enactment, and in India on 1 April of the same year.